Affirmative Sentence

Affirmative sentences are used when the action, existence, state, condition, etc. of a person or thing is a fact.

There are several formats of affirmative sentences in Japanese.

The affirmative sentences vary depending on the person you are speaking to.

This page explains affirmative sentences in Japanese.

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 Affirmative Sentence Format

In Japanese, an affirmative sentence ends with a predicate “ใ€‡ใ€‡ใพใ™” or “ใ€‡ใ€‡ใงใ™”.

This characteristic is common whether the predicate is a verb, an i-adjective, a na-adjective or a noun.

When a predicate is a verb, the predicate ends with “ใ€‡ใ€‡ใพใ™”.

็งใ‚ใŸใ—ใฏใ€€ใ€€ๆ–™็†ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚Šใ‚’ใ€€ใ€€ไฝœใคใใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚

When a predicate is an i-adjective, the predicate ends with “ใ€‡ใ€‡ใงใ™”.

ๅค–ใใจใฏใ€€ใ€€ๆš—ใใ‚‰ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚

When a predicate is a na-adjective, the predicate ends with “ใ€‡ใ€‡ใงใ™”.

ๅ‹้”ใจใ‚‚ใ ใกใฏใ€€ใ€€ใƒ”ใ‚ขใƒŽใŒใ€€ใ€€ไธŠๆ‰‹ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใšใงใ™ใ€‚

When a predicate is a noun, the predicate ends with “ใ€‡ใ€‡ใงใ™”.

ใ‚ใ‚Œใฏใ€€ใ€€ๅฐใกใ„ใ•ใ„ใ€€ใ€€ๅณถใ—ใพใงใ™ใ€‚

Below are several example sentences for four types of affirmative sentences when the predicate is a verb, an i-adjective, a na-adjective or a noun.

When a Predicate Is a Verb

When a predicate is a verb, the predicate ends with “ใ€‡ใ€‡ใพใ™”.

็งใ‚ใŸใ—ใฏใ€€ใ€€้ง…ใˆใใซใ€€ใ€€่กŒใ„ใใพใ™ใ€‚

ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ›ใ‚“ใ›ใ„ใฏใ€€ใ€€่‹ฑ่ชžใˆใ„ใ”ใ‚’ใ€€ใ€€ๆ•™ใŠใ—ใˆใพใ™ใ€‚

ใ“ใฎๆฉŸๆขฐใใ‹ใ„ใฏใ€€ใ€€่‡ชๅ‹•ใ˜ใฉใ†ใงใ€€ใ€€ๅ‹•ใ†ใ”ใใพใ™ใ€‚

ใ“ใฎๅบ—ใฟใ›ใฏใ€€ใ€€่–ฌใใ™ใ‚Šใ‚’ใ€€ใ€€ๅฃฒใ†ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚

ใŠ็ˆถใจใ†ใ•ใ‚“ใฏใ€€ใ€€่ปŠใใ‚‹ใพใ‚’ใ€€ใ€€้‹่ปขใ†ใ‚“ใฆใ‚“ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚

When a Predicate Is an I-adjective

When a predicate is an i-adjective, the predicate ends with “ใ€‡ใ€‡ใงใ™”.

ใ“ใฎ่Šฑใฏใชใฏใ€€ใ€€่ตคใ‚ใ‹ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚

ใ“ใฎๆค…ๅญใ„ใ™ใฏใ€€ใ€€่ปฝใ‹ใ‚‹ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚

ๆฑไบฌใจใ†ใใ‚‡ใ†ใฏใ€€ใ€€ไบบใฒใจใŒใ€€ใ€€ๅคšใŠใŠใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚

็งใ‚ใŸใ—ใฏใ€€ใ€€ไปŠๆ—ฅใใ‚‡ใ†ใ€€ใ€€็œ ใญใ‚€ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚

ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ›ใ‚“ใ›ใ„ใฏใ€€ใ€€ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ€€ใ€€ๅŽณใใณใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚

When a Predicate Is a Na-adjective

When a predicate is a na-adjective, the predicate ends with “ใ€‡ใ€‡ใงใ™”.

่พžๆ›ธใ˜ใ—ใ‚‡ใฏใ€€ใ€€ไพฟๅˆฉในใ‚“ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚

ใ‚ใฎไป•ไบ‹ใ—ใ”ใจใฏใ€€ใ€€ๅคงๅค‰ใŸใ„ใธใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚

ใ“ใฎ่ปŠใใ‚‹ใพใฏใ€€ใ€€ๅฎ‰ๅ…จใ‚ใ‚“ใœใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚

้ฃ›่กŒๆฉŸใฒใ“ใ†ใใฏใ€€ใ€€ใจใฆใ‚‚ใ€€ใ€€ไธˆๅคซใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใถใงใ™ใ€‚

ใŠ้‡‘ใ‹ใญใฏใ€€ใ€€ๅคงๅˆ‡ใŸใ„ใ›ใคใงใ™ใ€‚

When a Predicate Is a Noun

When a predicate is a noun, the predicate ends with “ใ€‡ใ€‡ใงใ™”.

ใ“ใ‚Œใฏใ€€ใ€€ใŠ้…’ใ•ใ‘ใงใ™ใ€‚

ใ“ใฎ่‰ฒใ„ใ‚ใฏใ€€ใ€€้ป„่‰ฒใใ„ใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚

ใ‚ใ‚Œใฏใ€€ใ€€็—…้™ขใณใ‚‡ใ†ใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚

ๅฆนใ„ใ‚‚ใ†ใจใฏใ€€ใ€€ๅคงๅญฆ็”Ÿใ ใ„ใŒใใ›ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚

็งใ‚ใŸใ—ใฏใ€€ใ€€ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใ›ใ‚“ใ›ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚

When Talking with a Close Person

When talking with close friends, family, etc., you don’t add “ใ€‡ใ€‡ใพใ™ or “ใ€‡ใ€‡ใงใ™” to a predicate.

There are many cases where no subject is added.

This change is common whether the predicate is a verb, an i-adjective, a na-adjective or a noun.

โšซ๏ธŽ When a predicate is a verb

็งใ‚ใŸใ—ใฏใ€€ใ€€ๆ–™็†ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚Šใ‚’ใ€€ใ€€ไฝœใคใใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚

โฌ‡๏ธ When talking with a close person

ๆ–™็†ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚Šใ‚’ใ€€ใ€€ไฝœใคใใ‚‹ใ€‚

โšซ๏ธŽ When a predicate is an i-adjective

ๅค–ใใจใฏใ€€ใ€€ๆš—ใใ‚‰ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚

โฌ‡๏ธ When talking with a close person

ๅค–ใใจใฏใ€€ใ€€ๆš—ใใ‚‰ใ„ใ€‚

โšซ๏ธŽ When a predicate is a na-adjective

ๅ‹้”ใจใ‚‚ใ ใกใฏใ€€ใ€€ใƒ”ใ‚ขใƒŽใŒใ€€ใ€€ไธŠๆ‰‹ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใšใงใ™ใ€‚

โฌ‡๏ธ When talking with a close person

ๅ‹้”ใจใ‚‚ใ ใกใฏใ€€ใ€€ใƒ”ใ‚ขใƒŽใŒใ€€ใ€€ไธŠๆ‰‹ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใšใ€‚

โšซ๏ธŽ When a predicate is a noun

ใ‚ใ‚Œใฏใ€€ใ€€ๅฐใกใ„ใ•ใ„ใ€€ใ€€ๅณถใ—ใพใงใ™ใ€‚

โฌ‡๏ธ When talking with a close person

ใ‚ใ‚Œใฏใ€€ใ€€ๅฐใกใ„ใ•ใ„ใ€€ใ€€ๅณถใ—ใพใ€‚

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