The present tense is used to express a present action, existence, state, situation, etc.
When the predicate is a verb, the present tense is used to express a present action, a present state, a habit or a general fact.
When the predicate is an i-adjective, na-adjective or noun, the present tense is used to express a present state or situation, or to express a general fact.
This page explains the present tense of an affirmative sentence, a negative sentence and a question sentence, divided into cases where the predicate is a verb, i-adjective, na-adjective or noun.
Present Tense Format of Affirmative Sentence
When the predicate is a verb, the present tense is used to express a present action, a present state, a habit or a general fact.
When expressing a present action or present state, use the form “ããããžã”.
The word now “äģ” is often used in a present tense sentence to make it clear that the sentence is about the present.
When expressing a habit or a general fact, the form is “ãããžã”.
When talking about a habit, the word that describes the habitual activity, such as daily “æ¯æĨ“, weekly “æ¯éą“, monthly “æ¯æ“, etc., is often placed in a present tense sentence.
A verb in the present tense, used to express a habit or to express a general fact, is the same as a verb in the future tense.
When the predicate is an i-adjective, na-adjective or noun, the present tense is used to express a present state or situation, or to express a general fact.
When describing a present state or situation, the word now “äģ” is often used in a present tense sentence to make it clear that the sentence is about the present.
In this case, the present tense predicate is in the form “ããã§ã”.
When a Predicate Is a Verb
âĢī¸ When expressing a present action
į§ã¯ããäģããããŦããããčĻãĻããžãã
ãæ¯ããã¯ããäģããčģãããéčģĸããĻããžãã
åĻšã¯ããåéã¨ãã芹ããĻããžãã
âĢī¸ When expressing a present state
é¨åąãŽããéģæ°ã¯ããæļããĻããžãã
ããŽåēã¯ããäģããéãžãŖãĻããžãã
ããŽéģ芹ã¯ããåŖããĻããžãã
âĢī¸ When expressing a habit
į§ã¯ããæ¯æĨããåĻæ ĄãĢããčĄããžãã
åéã¯ããæ¯åš´ããå¤åŊãĢããæ čĄããžãããã
åŧã¯ããæ¯éąãããĩããĢãŧãããᎴįŋããžãã
âĢī¸ When expressing a general fact
å¤ĒéŊã¯ããæąããããæããžãã
ãĸãĄãĒãĢäēēã¯ããčąčĒããã芹ããžãã
æ°´ã¯ããīŧīŧīŧåēĻã§ããæ˛¸é¨°ããžãã
When a Predicate Is an I-adjective
âĢī¸ When expressing a present state or situation
ããŽé¨åąã¯ããäģããããããã§ãã
į§ã¯ããäģããæĨŊ
ããã§ãã
åĻšã¯ããéĢĒã¯ããįãã§ãã
âĢī¸ When expressing a general fact
å¤ã¯ããæãã§ãã
å ã¯ããéŗããããéãã§ãã
å¤ĒéŊã¯ããã¨ãĻããã大ããã§ãã
When a Predicate Is a Na-adjective
âĢī¸ When expressing a present state or situation
ããŽåēã¯ããäģãããĢãããã§ãã
ããŽæēã¯ããä¸å¤Ģã§ãã
æã¯ããäģããįļēéēã§ãã
âĢī¸ When expressing a general fact
ååŧˇã¯ãã大åã§ãã
åäžã¯ããå æ°ã§ãã
æĨæŦäēēã¯ããä¸å¯§ã§ãã
When a Predicate Is a Noun
âĢī¸ When expressing a present state or situation
ãæ¯ããã¯ããåĻæ ĄãŽããå įã§ãã
åéã¯ãããĩããĢãŧ鏿ã§ãã
äģãŽããåŖį¯ã¯ããį§ã§ãã
âĢī¸ When expressing a general fact
īŧåš´ãŽããæåžãŽæĨã¯ããīŧīŧæīŧīŧæĨã§ãã
ä¸įĒããåēãįŠã¯ãããã¤ã¤ãĸãŗãã§ãã
æĨæŦäēēããã芹ãč¨čã¯ããæĨæŦčĒã§ãã
Present Tense Format of Negative Sentence
When the predicate is a verb, the present tense is used to express a present action, a present state, a habit or a general fact.
When expressing a present action or present state, use the form “ããããžãã” or “ããããĒãã§ã”.
The word now “äģ” is often used in a present tense sentence to make it clear that the sentence is about the present.
When expressing a habit or a general fact, the form is “ãããžãã” or “ãããĒãã§ã”.
When talking about a habit, the word that describes the habitual activity, such as daily “æ¯æĨ“, weekly “æ¯éą“, monthly “æ¯æ“, etc., is often placed in a present tense sentence.
A verb in the present tense, used to express a habit or to express a general fact, is the same as a verb in the future tense.
When the predicate is an i-adjective, na-adjective or noun, the present tense is used to express a present state or situation, or to express a general fact.
When describing a present state or situation, the word now “äģ” is often used in a present tense sentence to make it clear that the sentence is about the present.
In this case, the present tense predicate is in the form “ãããžãã” or “ãããĒãã§ã”.
“ããããžãã” and “ãããžãã” are slightly formal expressions.
In everyday conversation, most people would use “ããããĒãã§ã” and “ãããĒãã§ã”.
When a Predicate Is a Verb
âĢī¸ When expressing a present action
ãįļããã¯ããäģããåããĻããžããã
ãįļããã¯ããäģããåããĻããĒãã§ãã
į§ã¯ããäģããæŦãããčĒãã§ããžããã
į§ã¯ããäģããæŦãããčĒãã§ããĒãã§ãã
âĢī¸ When expressing a present state
åéã¯ããäģããããŽé¨åąãĢããããžããã
åéã¯ããäģããããŽé¨åąãĢããããĒãã§ãã
į§ãŽããããŧã ã¯ããäģããåãŖãĻããžããã
į§ãŽããããŧã ã¯ããäģããåãŖãĻããĒãã§ãã
âĢī¸ When expressing a habit
į§ã¯ããæ¯æããįäšŗãããéŖ˛ãŋãžããã
į§ã¯ããæ¯æããįäšŗãããéŖ˛ãžãĒãã§ãã
åĻšã¯ããæ¯æĨããæ°čãããčĒãŋãžããã
åĻšã¯ããæ¯æĨããæ°čãããčĒãžãĒãã§ãã
âĢī¸ When expressing a general fact
ä¸é¨ãŽããåįŠã¯ããå¤ããå¯ãžãããã
ä¸é¨ãŽããåįŠã¯ããå¤ããå¯ãĒãã§ããããã
äēēã¯ããįĢæãĢããäŊãã§ããããžããã
äēēã¯ããįĢæãĢããäŊãã§ãããĒãã§ãã
When a Predicate Is an I-adjective
âĢī¸ When expressing a present state or situation
äģã¯ããå¯ããããžããã
äģã¯ããå¯ããĒãã§ãã
ããŽåéĄã¯ããéŖãããããžããã
ããŽåéĄã¯ããéŖãããĒãã§ãã
âĢī¸ When expressing a general fact
åæĩˇéã¯ããæããããžããã
åæĩˇéã¯ããæããĒãã§ãã
čĒåčģã¯ããéŖčĄæŠããããéããããžããã
čĒåčģã¯ããéŖčĄæŠããããéããĒãã§ãã
When a Predicate Is a Na-adjective
âĢī¸ When expressing a present state or situation
į§ãŽããčļŖåŗã¨ããåĻšãŽããčļŖåŗã¯ããåãã§ã¯ãããžããã
į§ãŽããčļŖåŗã¨ããåĻšãŽããčļŖåŗã¯ããåãã§ã¯ãĒãã§ãã
åéã¯ããįéĸįŽã§ã¯ãããžããã
åéã¯ããįéĸįŽã§ã¯ãĒãã§ãã
âĢī¸ When expressing a general fact
īŧæĨīŧéŖã¯ããååã§ã¯ãããžããã
īŧæĨīŧéŖã¯ããååã§ã¯ãĒãã§ãã
æ¯æĨãŽããéåã¯ããįĄé§ã§ã¯ãããžããã
æ¯æĨãŽããéåã¯ããįĄé§ã§ã¯ãĒãã§ãã
When a Predicate Is a Noun
âĢī¸ When expressing a present state or situation
æĨæŦã¯ããäģããæã§ã¯ãããžããã
æĨæŦã¯ããäģããæã§ã¯ãĒãã§ãã
ããã¯ããäģããæĩˇã§ã¯ãããžããã
ããã¯ããäģããæĩˇã§ã¯ãĒãã§ãã
âĢī¸ When expressing a general fact
大éĒã¯ããæĨæŦãŽããéĻéŊã§ã¯ãããžããã
大éĒã¯ããæĨæŦãŽããéĻéŊã§ã¯ãĒãã§ãã
éææĨã¯ããæĨæŦã§ã¯ããäŧæĨã§ã¯ãããžããã
éææĨã¯ããæĨæŦã§ã¯ããäŧæĨã§ã¯ãĒãã§ãã
Present Tense Format of Question Sentence
When the predicate is a verb, the present tense is used to express a present action, a present state, a habit or a general fact.
When expressing a present action or present state, use the form “ããããžããīŧīŧ⤴ī¸īŧ”.
The word now “äģ” is often used in a present tense sentence to make it clear that the sentence is about the present.
When expressing a habit or a general fact, the form is “ãããžããīŧīŧ⤴ī¸īŧ”.
When talking about a habit, the word that describes the habitual activity, such as daily “æ¯æĨ“, weekly “æ¯éą“, monthly “æ¯æ“, etc., is often placed in a present tense sentence.
A verb in the present tense, used to express a habit or to express a general fact, is the same as a verb in the future tense.
When the predicate is an i-adjective, na-adjective or noun, the present tense is used to express a present state or situation, or to express a general fact.
When describing a present state or situation, the word now “äģ” is often used in a present tense sentence to make it clear that the sentence is about the present.
In this case, the present tense predicate is in the form “ããã§ããīŧīŧ⤴ī¸īŧ”.
When a Predicate Is a Verb
âĢī¸ When expressing a present action
åĻįã¯ããäģããååŧˇããĻããžããīŧ⤴ī¸īŧ
ããĒãã¯ããäģãããčļãããéŖ˛ãã§ããžããīŧ⤴ī¸īŧ
ããĒãã¯ããäģããããŽãŗãŗããĨãŧãŋãŧãããäŊŋãŖãĻããžããīŧ⤴ī¸īŧ
âĢī¸ When expressing a present state
æĨæŦãŽããäēēåŖã¯ããåĸããĻããžããīŧ⤴ī¸īŧ
åŧã¯ããäģããå¯ãĻããžããīŧ⤴ī¸īŧ
čŋããŽãããšãŧããŧã¯ããäģããéãžãŖãĻããžããīŧ⤴ī¸īŧ
âĢī¸ When expressing a habit
ããĒãã¯ããæ¯æĨããéŗæĨŊãããčããžããīŧ⤴ī¸īŧ
å įã¯ããæ¯éąããčąčĒãããæããžããīŧ⤴ī¸īŧ
ãæ¯ããã¯ããæ¯åš´ããã¨ãŧããããĢããčĄããžããīŧ⤴ī¸īŧ
âĢī¸ When expressing a general fact
ãĸãĄãĒãĢäēēã¯ãããįąŗãããéŖãšãžããīŧ⤴ī¸īŧ
į´ãæ°´ãŽä¸ã§ããæ˛ãŋãžããīŧ⤴ī¸īŧ
å¯åŖĢåąąã¯ããæąäēŦããããčĻããžããīŧ⤴ī¸īŧ
When a Predicate Is an I-adjective
âĢī¸ When expressing a present state or situation
ããŽæįã¯ããįãã§ããīŧ⤴ī¸īŧ
å¤ã¯ããäģããæãã§ããīŧ⤴ī¸īŧ
ããĒãã¯ããäģããåŦããã§ããīŧ⤴ī¸īŧ
âĢī¸ When expressing a general fact
å°įã¯ãã丸ãã§ããīŧ⤴ī¸īŧ
īŧæīŧīŧæĨã¯ããįããã§ããīŧ⤴ī¸īŧ
æĩˇæ°´ã¯ããæˇĄæ°´ããããéãã§ããīŧ⤴ī¸īŧ
When a Predicate Is a Na-adjective
âĢī¸ When expressing a present state or situation
ããŽãĸããĒã¯ããäžŋåŠã§ããīŧ⤴ī¸īŧ
ããĒããŽããåäžã¯ããäģããå æ°ã§ããīŧ⤴ī¸īŧ
ããĒãã¯ããäģããæã§ããīŧ⤴ī¸īŧ
âĢī¸ When expressing a general fact
äēŦéŊã¯ããæåã§ããīŧ⤴ī¸īŧ
įŽæ°ãŽããååŧˇã¯ããåŋ čĻã§ããīŧ⤴ī¸īŧ
渊æåã¯ããæˇąåģã§ããīŧ⤴ī¸īŧ
When a Predicate Is a Noun
âĢī¸ When expressing a present state or situation
ããŽäēēã¯ããææã§ããīŧ⤴ī¸īŧ
ããã¯ããčŦã§ããīŧ⤴ī¸īŧ
åĻšã¯ããäģããåĻįã§ããīŧ⤴ī¸īŧ
âĢī¸ When expressing a general fact
īŧåš´ã¯ããīŧīŧīŧæĨã§ããīŧ⤴ī¸īŧ
æãŽããč˛ã¯ããįŊč˛ã§ããīŧ⤴ī¸īŧ
īŧīŧīŧã¯ããīŧã§ããīŧ⤴ī¸īŧ